Name: 
 

8th Grade Final Review



Completion
Complete each statement.
 
 
Choose the best of the three choices in parentheses.
 

 1. 

The momentum of a falling leaf is ____________________ (greater than, less than, equal to) the momentum of a falling pinecone.
 

 

 2. 

Two objects each have a mass of 70 kg. Their momentum is ____________________ (equal, changing, unknown).
 

 

 3. 

When two pool balls collide and move away from each other, they eventually stop. This is because of ____________________ (momentum, friction, inertia).
 

 

 4. 

A 50 kg object moves with a velocity of 10 m/s. Its momentum is ____________________ (500 m/s2, 5 kg m/s, 500 kg m/s).
 

 
 
Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below. Some terms may not be used.
acceleratefrictionvelocitystatic
slidingslippingwheelstrength
brakeinertiaterminal velocitymomentum
 

 5. 

An object will ____________________ when the net force is not zero.
 

 

 6. 

____________________ will never speed up an object.
 

 

 7. 

The friction that prevents an object from moving when a force is applied is ____________________ friction.
 

 

 8. 

The friction that slows down an object that slides is ____________________ friction.
 

 

 9. 

A(n) ____________________ helps reduce sliding friction.
 

 

 10. 

Normal force is supplied by the ____________________ of the surface.
 

 

 11. 

The speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance is called ____________________.
 

 

 12. 

Earth has so much ____________________ that it hardly accelerates when you push against the ground while walking.
 

 
 
Choose the best of the three choices in parentheses.
 

 13. 

_____________________ (Static, Sliding, Rolling) friction keeps an object at rest.
 

 

 14. 

_____________________ A force can (push, pull, either push or pull).
 

 

 15. 

The unbalanced force that stops almost everything is _____________________ (gravity, friction, momentum).
 

 

 16. 

An object will accelerate in the direction of the _____________________ (net force, balanced forces, normal force).
 

 

 17. 

A net force acting on an object changes the object’s _____________________ (mass, size, momentum).
 

 

 18. 

Newton’s _____________________ (third, second, first) law of motion describes the connection between an object supplying force and the object receiving the force.
 

 

 19. 

A force in the opposite direction to the motion of the object will cause the object to _____________________ (speed up, slow down, turn).
 

 

 20. 

If an object is at rest, all forces acting on that object must be _____________________ (unbalanced, balanced, normal).
 

 
 
Choose the best of the three choices in parentheses.
 

 21. 

A blender is a _____________________ (simple, compound, pulley) machine.
 

 

 22. 

The mechanical advantage that makes work easiest is one that is _____________________ (large, small, zero).
 

 

 23. 

Holding a watermelon in your hands is an example of _____________________ (work, no work) being done.
 

 

 24. 

A goalie stopping a hockey puck is an example of _____________________ (work, no work) being done.
 

 

 25. 

Power does NOT depend on _____________________ (work done, muscles, time).
 

 

 26. 

As you increase the effort distance, you _____________________ (decrease, increase, stabilize) the effort force needed.
 

 

 27. 

The mechanical advantage tells you the number of times a machine _____________________ (increases, decreases,eliminates) the effort force.
 

 

 28. 

A _____________________ (shovel, crowbar, potter’s wheel) is NOT an example of a lever.
 

 

 29. 

An ideal machine has an efficiency _____________________ (less than one, equal to one, greater than one).
 

 

 30. 

_____________________ (Heat, Friction, Work) is NOT a source of energy loss in a machine.
 

 

 31. 

The lowest possible temperature is ____________________ (0 K, 0°C, –273°F).
 

 

 32. 

For a coolant in the radiator of a car, you would choose a substance with a ____________________ (low specific heat, high heat of vaporization, high specific heat).
 

 

 33. 

When air in the cylinder of a diesel engine is compressed, it ____________________ (cools, warms, doesn’t change).
 

 

 34. 

Mercury thermometers work because mercury ____________________ (expands, contracts, condenses) when it is warmed.
 

 

 35. 

Inside the house, the refrigerant in an air conditioner ____________________ (condenses, conducts, evaporates).
 

 

 36. 

Down in a down jacket is a good insulator because ____________________ (it is a solid, it is light weight, it contains many air spaces).
 

 

 37. 

When you put your hand five or six centimeters above a candle flame, it becomes very hot. Heat has reached your hand by ____________________ (conduction, radiation, convection).
 

 

 38. 

If you add 100 mL of water at 20°C to 200 mL of water at 20°C, the average kinetic energy of the mixture ____________________ (increases, decreases, remains the same).
 

 

 39. 

When 100 mL of water at 20°C is added to 200 mL of water at 20°C , the thermal energy ____________________ (increases, decreases, remains the same) for the combined mixture.
 

 

 40. 

Temperature is a measure of the average value of the ____________________ (kinetic, potential, mechanical) energy of the molecules in a substance.
 

 

 41. 

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all molecules in an object is the ____________________ (mechanical, thermal, molecular) energy of the object.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
kg m/s
d.
m/s
b.
m/s2
e.
m
c.
kg
 

 42. 

distance
 

 43. 

speed
 

 44. 

acceleration
 

 45. 

momentum
 

 46. 

mass
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
Newton’s first law of motion
f.
normal force
b.
unbalanced forces
g.
Newton’s third law of motion
c.
balanced forces
h.
force
d.
friction
i.
Newton’s second law of motion
e.
net force
 

 47. 

An object at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight path will continue to do so until a net force acts on it.
 

 48. 

An object acted upon by a net force will accelerate in the direction of the force according to the equation acceleration = ma048-1.jpg.
 

 49. 

the outward force from a surface
 

 50. 

a push or a pull
 

 51. 

The net forces on an object are not zero.
 

 52. 

the total force felt by an object
 

 53. 

Forces always act in equal but opposite pairs.
 

 54. 

two or more forces whose effects cancel each other
 

 55. 

the rubbing force that acts against motion between two touching surfaces
 
 
Match each term with the definition.
a.
simple machine
j.
watt
b.
work
k.
ideal machine
c.
input force
l.
screw
d.
inclined plane
m.
pulley
e.
joule
n.
mechanical advantage
f.
output force
o.
efficiency
g.
power
p.
fulcrum
h.
machine
q.
wheel and axle
i.
friction
r.
wedge
 

 56. 

a device that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of the applied force
 

 57. 

SI unit for work
 

 58. 

causes the output work of a machine to be less than the input work
 

 59. 

the rate at which work is being done
 

 60. 

the ratio of the output force to the input force
 

 61. 

a moving inclined plane
 

 62. 

has only one movement
 

 63. 

the unit of measurement of power
 

 64. 

two rigidly attached wheels that rotate together
 

 65. 

a sloped surface
 

 66. 

exertion of a force on an object that produces motion in the direction of the force
 

 67. 

the force a machine exerts
 

 68. 

a machine’s ability to convert work input into work output
 

 69. 

machine with 100% efficiency
 

 70. 

the pivot point of a lever
 

 71. 

an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft
 

 72. 

a grooved wheel that redirects force using a rope
 

 73. 

the effort force you exert
 
 
Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
Celsius scale
i.
two-stroke
b.
conduction
j.
insulator
c.
conductor
k.
internal combustion engine
d.
convection
l.
radiation
e.
heat engine
m.
specific heat
f.
Fahrenheit scale
n.
temperature
g.
heat
o.
thermal energy
h.
thermometer
p.
thermal pollution
 

 74. 

the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the molecules of a substance
 

 75. 

an engine that burns fuel in a chamber inside the engine
 

 76. 

a material through which heat does not easily flow
 

 77. 

transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or a liquid
 

 78. 

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
 

 79. 

a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
 

 80. 

temperature scale with 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling of H2O
 

 81. 

temperature scale with 180 degrees between the freezing and boiling of H2O
 

 82. 

the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
 

 83. 

the type of heat engine in a lawn mower
 

 84. 

transfer of heat by particles colliding with each other
 

 85. 

an instrument used to measure temperature
 

 86. 

a body of water warms from adding water
 

 87. 

a substance that conducts heat
 

 88. 

amount of heat to raise 1 kg of a substance 1°C
 

 89. 

thermal energy transferred because of a difference in temperature
 
 
Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
compressional wave
i.
pitch
b.
diffraction
j.
refraction
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
k.
reverberation
d.
electromagnetic wave
l.
transverse wave
e.
frequency
m.
ultraviolet waves
f.
infrared waves
n.
wave
g.
intensity
o.
wavelength
h.
law of reflection
 

 90. 

the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths
 

 91. 

waves with wavelengths between one thousandth and 700 billionths of a meter
 

 92. 

causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same direction in which the wave travels
 

 93. 

the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the same speed and direction
 

 94. 

the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle that the outgoing wave makes with the normal
 

 95. 

the amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second
 

 96. 

the human perception of the frequency of sound
 

 97. 

repeated echoes
 

 98. 

waves with wavelengths between about 0.4 millionths and ten billionths of a meter
 

 99. 

a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space
 

 100. 

causes particles in matter to move back and forth at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
 

 101. 

waves that can travel through matter or empty space
 

 102. 

the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another
 

 103. 

the bending of a wave around an object
 

 104. 

the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
 
 
Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
diffraction
e.
refraction
b.
electromagnetic wave
f.
reverberation
c.
frequency
g.
transverse wave
d.
pitch
h.
wavelength
 

 105. 

the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving in the same direction in which the wave travels
 

 106. 

the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
 

 107. 

the bending of a wave around an object
 

 108. 

the human perception of the frequency of sound
 

 109. 

a wave that can travel through matter or empty space
 

 110. 

repeated echoes
 

 111. 

causes particles in matter to move back and forth at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
 

 112. 

the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another
 
 
Choose the name of the type of wave described in the phrases below.
a.
transverse wave
b.
compressional wave
c.
electromagnetic wave
 

 113. 

can travel through matter or empty space.
 

 114. 

contains high points called crests
 

 115. 

contains rarefactions in the wave
 

 116. 

contains electric and magnetic parts
 

 117. 

detected by the ear
 

 118. 

detected by teh eye
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 119. 

Two km south is a measure of ____.
a.
distance
c.
velocity
b.
displacement
d.
acceleration
 

 120. 

A 10-kg object has a momentum of 50 kg m/s. Its velocity is ____.
a.
10 m/s
c.
5 m/s
b.
5 m/s2
d.
500 m/s
 

 121. 

An object’s inertia depends on its ____.
a.
mass
c.
momentum
b.
weight
d.
gravity
 

 122. 

Momentum depends on ____ and ____.
a.
mass, weight
c.
velocity, weight
b.
weight, inertia
d.
mass, velocity
 

 123. 

The hands of a clock ____.
a.
have a constant velocity
c.
constantly change speed
b.
have no momentum
d.
are accelerating
 

 124. 

A(n) ____ is a push or a pull.
a.
newton
c.
force
b.
acceleration
d.
momentum
 

 125. 

A ____ force is the total force felt by an object.
a.
sum
c.
strong
b.
net
d.
balanced
 

 126. 

In order to be ____ forces, their effects must cancel each other out and not cause a change in an object’s motion.
a.
balanced
c.
weak
b.
strong
d.
normal
 

 127. 

If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, the net force is NOT ____.
a.
normal
c.
weak
b.
strong
d.
zero
 

 128. 

Newton’s first law of motion states that an object at rest or moving at a constant speed in a(n) ____ will continue to do so until a net force acts on it.
a.
elliptical orbit
c.
state of acceleration
b.
straight line
d.
curved path
 

 129. 

____ is the rubbing force that acts against motion between two touching surfaces.
a.
Acceleration
c.
Momentum
b.
Normal force
d.
Friction
 

 130. 

____ enables you to ride a bike without skidding and falling.
a.
Static friction
c.
Rolling friction
b.
Sliding friction
d.
Gravity
 

 131. 

Applying the brakes uses ____ to slow a vehicle down.
a.
static friction
c.
rolling friction
b.
sliding friction
d.
gravity
 

 132. 

In order to know how a force will affect an object, you must know the ____.
a.
normalcy
c.
direction
b.
weight
d.
gravity
 

 133. 

Newton’s second law says that an object acted upon by a net force will accelerate in the direction of the force according to the equation ____.
a.
Ft = mv2 – mv1
c.
m1v1 = m2v2
b.
a = mc133-1.jpg
d.
v = at
 

 134. 

When you walk across a bridge, the ____ force of the bridge keeps it from breaking.
a.
gravitational
c.
strong
b.
normal
d.
weak
 

 135. 

The speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance is called ____.
a.
acceleration
c.
terminal velocity
b.
balanced velocity
d.
free fall
 

 136. 

Newton’s third law can be stated as “For every action, there is a(n) ____ reaction.”
a.
equal but opposite
c.
stronger and opposite
b.
equal and identical
d.
weaker and opposite
 

 137. 

You hit a wall with a stick. The equal but opposite reaction is ____.
a.
the wall pushes against you
c.
you push against the stick
b.
the stick pushes against you
d.
the wall pushes against the stick
 

 138. 

The time for an action-reaction situation is ____.
a.
instantaneous
c.
no more than 1 second
b.
at least 5 seconds
d.
no more than 5 seconds
 

 139. 

While static friction keeps an object at rest, ____ friction slows down an object that slides.
a.
rolling
c.
static
b.
sliding
d.
none of these
 

 140. 

The force of ____ exists between any two objects that have mass.
a.
gravity
c.
weight
b.
acceleration
d.
free fall
 

 141. 

The gravitational force of any object near Earth’s surface is ____.
a.
unknown
c.
Newton’s first law
b.
friction
d.
9.8m/s2
 

 142. 

If a net force acts at an angle to the direction an object is moving, the object will follow a(n) ____ path.
a.
straight
c.
unknown
b.
curved
d.
straight downward
 

 143. 

An object is moving due east. You push the object. Work is being done at all times when you push ____.
a.
due west
c.
straight down
b.
due east
d.
at a 45° angle
 

 144. 

A ____ is an example of a compound machine.
a.
lawnmower
c.
baseball bat
b.
shovel
d.
wheel and axle
 

 145. 

The mechanical advantage tells you the number of times a machine increases the ____.
a.
net force
c.
output force
b.
stable force
d.
input force
 

 146. 

Work is equal to force times ____.
a.
power
c.
joules
b.
distance
d.
energy
 

 147. 

Power is measured in J per ____.
a.
watt
c.
minute
b.
hour
d.
second
 

 148. 

In order for work to be done, an object must ____.
a.
have mass
c.
have muscles
b.
move in the direction of the force
d.
move at a right angle to the force
 

 149. 

Machines let you use less force over a greater ____.
a.
distance
c.
weight
b.
mass
d.
exertion
 

 150. 

NO work is being done when you ____ a ball.
a.
hit
c.
carry
b.
catch
d.
drop
 

 151. 

When the Egyptians built the pyramids, they used the idea that a large force over a short distance can be accomplished by the same work as a small force over a ____ distance.
a.
changing
c.
shorter
b.
minimum
d.
long
 

 152. 

____ describes the rate at which work is being done.
a.
Joules
c.
Effort force
b.
Power
d.
Efficiency
 

 153. 

A ____ is NOT a simple machine.
a.
wrench
c.
tooth
b.
shovel
d.
teeter-totter
 

 154. 

The pivot point of a lever is called a ____.
a.
wedge
c.
fulcrum
b.
screw
d.
wheel and axle
 

 155. 

Power is expressed in units of ____.
a.
light
c.
joules
b.
watts
d.
surges
 

 156. 

A(n) ____ is a moving inclined plane.
a.
teeter-totter
c.
elevator
b.
staircase
d.
wedge
 

 157. 

Temperature is a measure of the ____ of atoms and molecules.
a.
heat
c.
potential energy
b.
average kinetic energy
d.
thermal energy
 

 158. 

Thermometers work because liquids ____ when heated.
a.
expand
c.
shrink
b.
contract
d.
solidify
 

 159. 

Heat is the ____.
a.
amount of thermal energy in an object
b.
difference between the kinetic and potential energy
c.
energy of two objects
d.
thermal energy transferred between two objects
 

 160. 

A pot on a stove gets hot by means of ____.
a.
condensation
c.
radiation
b.
convection
d.
conduction
 

 161. 

Water has a higher specific heat than clay. Water would ____ than clay.
a.
heat up faster
c.
heat more slowly
b.
cool down faster
d.
freeze more rapidly
 

 162. 

____ is an example of a good electrical insulator.
a.
Aluminum foil
c.
Copper
b.
Silver
d.
Rubber
 

 163. 

If an object loses electrons, the object will have a ____ change.
a.
positive
c.
neutral
b.
static
d.
negative
 

 164. 

A simple complete circuit must have wires connected to a ____.
a.
switch
b.
switch and a conductor
c.
source of electrons
d.
source of electrons and a conductor
 

 165. 

A battery produces current electricity from ____.
a.
mechanical energy
c.
chemical energy
b.
static electricity
d.
strong nuclear force
 

 166. 

When you walk across a carpeted floor and then touch a metal doorknob, the “shock” you may feel occurs because of a(n) ____.
a.
static discharge
c.
static charge
b.
electric field
d.
chemical reaction
 

 167. 

A measure of the potential energy available in a complete circuit is ____.
a.
current
c.
resistance
b.
power
d.
voltage
 

 168. 

Dry skin is a good ____.
a.
conductor
c.
source of negative charges
b.
insulator
d.
source of positive charges
 

 169. 

The negative terminal of a battery has ____.
a.
a pileup of positive charges
b.
a positive charge
c.
a pileup of negative charges
d.
no charge
 

 170. 

To prevent overloading in a parallel circuit, you could install a(n) ____.
a.
power meter
c.
electric generator
b.
fuse
d.
ground
 

 171. 

When you rub a balloon on your hair, ____ go from your hair to the balloon.
a.
electrons
c.
atoms
b.
protons
d.
neutrons
 

 172. 

The filament in a light bulb is often made from tungsten wire because tungsten is a ____.
a.
good conductor and has a high resistance
b.
good conductor and has a low resistance
c.
good insulator and has a high resistance
d.
good insulator and has a low resistance
 

 173. 

In a battery, electrons flow from ____.
a.
one positive terminal to the other positive terminal
b.
the positive terminal to the negative terminal
c.
the negative terminal to the positive terminal
d.
one negative terminal to the other negative terminal
 

 174. 

A wire that is ____ would have the greatest electrical resistance.
a.
short and thick
c.
long and thick
b.
short and thin
d.
long and thin
 

 175. 

According to Ohm’s law, ____.
a.
current = voltage ´ resistance
c.
voltage = current ´ resistance
b.
power = current ´ voltage
d.
resistance = current ´ power
 

 176. 

Two identical balloons are both rubbed with wool. If the balloons are brought near each other, they will ____.
a.
attract each other
c.
have no effect on each other
b.
repel each other
d.
ground each other
 

 177. 

When you use an electric appliance, the amount of electric energy used depends ____.
a.
only on the appliance’s power
b.
only on how long it is used
c.
on both the appliance’s power and how long it is used
d.
on the appliance’s power but not how long it is used
 

 178. 

A series circuit is a circuit with ____ path(s) for the electric current to follow.
a.
no
c.
more than one
b.
one
d.
infinite
 

 179. 

Waves that can travel only through matter are known as ____ waves.
a.
energy
c.
electromagnetic
b.
mechanical
d.
light
 

 180. 

____ is measured in meters.
a.
Frequency
c.
Wavelength
b.
Wave speed
d.
Intensity
 

 181. 

Frequency is measured in units called ____.
a.
decibels
c.
hertz
b.
lambda
d.
wavelength
 

 182. 

Night vision goggles use ____ waves to locate people in the dark.
a.
infrared
c.
radio
b.
ultraviolet
d.
gamma
 

 183. 

The wavelength of a ____ wave is the distance between two adjacent crests or adjacent troughs.
a.
rolling
c.
transverse
b.
compressional
d.
seismic
 

 184. 

To find the frequency of a compressional wave, you would count the number of ____ that pass by a point each second.
a.
crests
c.
diffractions
b.
refractions
d.
rarefactions
 

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 185. 

A broom is an example of a wedge.
 

 186. 

Power and work are interchangeable terms.
 

 187. 

If you use a ramp that is 6 m long to move an object upward 1 m, then the mechanical advantage of the ramp is 6.
 

 188. 

You are doing NO work when you hold your 23-kg dog in your arms.
 

 189. 

You do 1 J of work if you use a force of 1 N for a distance of 1 m.
 



 
Check Your Work     Start Over