Completion Complete each
statement.
|
|
|
Choose the best of the three choices in parentheses.
|
|
1.
|
The momentum of a falling leaf is ____________________ (greater than, less than,
equal to) the momentum of a falling pinecone.
|
|
2.
|
Two objects each have a mass of 70 kg. Their momentum is ____________________
(equal, changing, unknown).
|
|
3.
|
When two pool balls collide and move away from each other, they eventually stop.
This is because of ____________________ (momentum, friction, inertia).
|
|
4.
|
A 50 kg object moves with a velocity of 10 m/s. Its momentum is
____________________ (500 m/s2, 5 kg m/s, 500 kg m/s).
|
|
|
Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below. Some terms may
not be used.
accelerate | friction | velocity | static | sliding | slipping | wheel | strength | brake | inertia | terminal velocity | momentum | | | | |
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|
5.
|
An object will ____________________ when the net force is not zero.
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|
6.
|
____________________ will never speed up an object.
|
|
7.
|
The friction that prevents an object from moving when a force is applied is
____________________ friction.
|
|
8.
|
The friction that slows down an object that slides is ____________________
friction.
|
|
9.
|
A(n) ____________________ helps reduce sliding friction.
|
|
10.
|
Normal force is supplied by the ____________________ of the surface.
|
|
11.
|
The speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the force
of air resistance is called ____________________.
|
|
12.
|
Earth has so much ____________________ that it hardly accelerates when you push
against the ground while walking.
|
|
|
Choose the best of the three choices in parentheses.
|
|
13.
|
_____________________ (Static, Sliding, Rolling) friction keeps an object at
rest.
|
|
14.
|
_____________________ A force can (push, pull, either push or pull).
|
|
15.
|
The unbalanced force that stops almost everything is _____________________
(gravity, friction, momentum).
|
|
16.
|
An object will accelerate in the direction of the _____________________ (net
force, balanced forces, normal force).
|
|
17.
|
A net force acting on an object changes the object’s _____________________
(mass, size, momentum).
|
|
18.
|
Newton’s _____________________ (third, second, first) law of motion
describes the connection between an object supplying force and the object receiving the force.
|
|
19.
|
A force in the opposite direction to the motion of the object will cause the
object to _____________________ (speed up, slow down, turn).
|
|
20.
|
If an object is at rest, all forces acting on that object must be
_____________________ (unbalanced, balanced, normal).
|
|
|
Choose the best of the three choices in parentheses.
|
|
21.
|
A blender is a _____________________ (simple, compound, pulley) machine.
|
|
22.
|
The mechanical advantage that makes work easiest is one that is
_____________________ (large, small, zero).
|
|
23.
|
Holding a watermelon in your hands is an example of _____________________ (work,
no work) being done.
|
|
24.
|
A goalie stopping a hockey puck is an example of _____________________ (work, no
work) being done.
|
|
25.
|
Power does NOT depend on _____________________ (work done, muscles,
time).
|
|
26.
|
As you increase the effort distance, you _____________________ (decrease,
increase, stabilize) the effort force needed.
|
|
27.
|
The mechanical advantage tells you the number of times a machine
_____________________ (increases, decreases,eliminates) the effort force.
|
|
28.
|
A _____________________ (shovel, crowbar, potter’s wheel) is NOT an
example of a lever.
|
|
29.
|
An ideal machine has an efficiency _____________________ (less than one, equal
to one, greater than one).
|
|
30.
|
_____________________ (Heat, Friction, Work) is NOT a source of energy loss in a
machine.
|
|
31.
|
The lowest possible temperature is ____________________ (0 K, 0°C,
–273°F).
|
|
32.
|
For a coolant in the radiator of a car, you would choose a substance with a
____________________ (low specific heat, high heat of vaporization, high specific heat).
|
|
33.
|
When air in the cylinder of a diesel engine is compressed, it
____________________ (cools, warms, doesn’t change).
|
|
34.
|
Mercury thermometers work because mercury ____________________ (expands,
contracts, condenses) when it is warmed.
|
|
35.
|
Inside the house, the refrigerant in an air conditioner ____________________
(condenses, conducts, evaporates).
|
|
36.
|
Down in a down jacket is a good insulator because ____________________ (it is a
solid, it is light weight, it contains many air spaces).
|
|
37.
|
When you put your hand five or six centimeters above a candle flame, it becomes
very hot. Heat has reached your hand by ____________________ (conduction, radiation,
convection).
|
|
38.
|
If you add 100 mL of water at 20°C to 200 mL of water at 20°C, the
average kinetic energy of the mixture ____________________ (increases, decreases, remains the
same).
|
|
39.
|
When 100 mL of water at 20°C is added to 200 mL of water at 20°C , the
thermal energy ____________________ (increases, decreases, remains the same) for the combined
mixture.
|
|
40.
|
Temperature is a measure of the average value of the ____________________
(kinetic, potential, mechanical) energy of the molecules in a substance.
|
|
41.
|
The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all molecules in an object is the
____________________ (mechanical, thermal, molecular) energy of the object.
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match the terms with the correct phrase below. a. | kg m/s | d. | m/s | b. | m/s2 | e. | m | c. | kg |
|
|
42.
|
distance
|
|
43.
|
speed
|
|
44.
|
acceleration
|
|
45.
|
momentum
|
|
46.
|
mass
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Newton’s first law of motion | f. | normal force | b. | unbalanced
forces | g. | Newton’s third
law of motion | c. | balanced forces | h. | force | d. | friction | i. | Newton’s second law of
motion | e. | net force |
|
|
47.
|
An object at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight path will
continue to do so until a net force acts on it.
|
|
48.
|
An object acted upon by a net force will accelerate in the direction of the
force according to the equation acceleration = .
|
|
49.
|
the outward force from a surface
|
|
50.
|
a push or a pull
|
|
51.
|
The net forces on an object are not zero.
|
|
52.
|
the total force felt by an object
|
|
53.
|
Forces always act in equal but opposite pairs.
|
|
54.
|
two or more forces whose effects cancel each other
|
|
55.
|
the rubbing force that acts against motion between two touching
surfaces
|
|
|
Match each term with the definition. a. | simple machine | j. | watt | b. | work | k. | ideal machine | c. | input
force | l. | screw | d. | inclined plane | m. | pulley | e. | joule | n. | mechanical advantage | f. | output force | o. | efficiency | g. | power | p. | fulcrum | h. | machine | q. | wheel and axle | i. | friction | r. | wedge |
|
|
56.
|
a device that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of the
applied force
|
|
57.
|
SI unit for work
|
|
58.
|
causes the output work of a machine to be less than the input work
|
|
59.
|
the rate at which work is being done
|
|
60.
|
the ratio of the output force to the input force
|
|
61.
|
a moving inclined plane
|
|
62.
|
has only one movement
|
|
63.
|
the unit of measurement of power
|
|
64.
|
two rigidly attached wheels that rotate together
|
|
65.
|
a sloped surface
|
|
66.
|
exertion of a force on an object that produces motion in the direction of the
force
|
|
67.
|
the force a machine exerts
|
|
68.
|
a machine’s ability to convert work input into work output
|
|
69.
|
machine with 100% efficiency
|
|
70.
|
the pivot point of a lever
|
|
71.
|
an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft
|
|
72.
|
a grooved wheel that redirects force using a rope
|
|
73.
|
the effort force you exert
|
|
|
Match the terms with the correct phrase below. a. | Celsius scale | i. | two-stroke | b. | conduction | j. | insulator | c. | conductor | k. | internal combustion engine | d. | convection | l. | radiation | e. | heat
engine | m. | specific
heat | f. | Fahrenheit scale | n. | temperature | g. | heat | o. | thermal energy | h. | thermometer | p. | thermal pollution |
|
|
74.
|
the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the molecules of a
substance
|
|
75.
|
an engine that burns fuel in a chamber inside the engine
|
|
76.
|
a material through which heat does not easily flow
|
|
77.
|
transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or a liquid
|
|
78.
|
transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
|
|
79.
|
a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
|
|
80.
|
temperature scale with 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling of
H2O
|
|
81.
|
temperature scale with 180 degrees between the freezing and boiling of
H2O
|
|
82.
|
the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
|
|
83.
|
the type of heat engine in a lawn mower
|
|
84.
|
transfer of heat by particles colliding with each other
|
|
85.
|
an instrument used to measure temperature
|
|
86.
|
a body of water warms from adding water
|
|
87.
|
a substance that conducts heat
|
|
88.
|
amount of heat to raise 1 kg of a substance 1°C
|
|
89.
|
thermal energy transferred because of a difference in temperature
|
|
|
Match the terms with the correct phrase below. a. | compressional wave | i. | pitch | b. | diffraction | j. | refraction | c. | electromagnetic
spectrum | k. | reverberation | d. | electromagnetic wave | l. | transverse wave | e. | frequency | m. | ultraviolet waves | f. | infrared waves | n. | wave | g. | intensity | o. | wavelength | h. | law of
reflection |
|
|
90.
|
the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths
|
|
91.
|
waves with wavelengths between one thousandth and 700 billionths of a
meter
|
|
92.
|
causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same direction in
which the wave travels
|
|
93.
|
the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the
same speed and direction
|
|
94.
|
the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle that
the outgoing wave makes with the normal
|
|
95.
|
the amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each
second
|
|
96.
|
the human perception of the frequency of sound
|
|
97.
|
repeated echoes
|
|
98.
|
waves with wavelengths between about 0.4 millionths and ten billionths of a
meter
|
|
99.
|
a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space
|
|
100.
|
causes particles in matter to move back and forth at right angles to the
direction in which the wave travels
|
|
101.
|
waves that can travel through matter or empty space
|
|
102.
|
the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to
another
|
|
103.
|
the bending of a wave around an object
|
|
104.
|
the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
|
|
|
Match the terms with the correct phrase below. a. | diffraction | e. | refraction | b. | electromagnetic wave | f. | reverberation | c. | frequency | g. | transverse wave | d. | pitch | h. | wavelength |
|
|
105.
|
the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving in the
same direction in which the wave travels
|
|
106.
|
the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
|
|
107.
|
the bending of a wave around an object
|
|
108.
|
the human perception of the frequency of sound
|
|
109.
|
a wave that can travel through matter or empty space
|
|
110.
|
repeated echoes
|
|
111.
|
causes particles in matter to move back and forth at right angles to the
direction in which the wave travels
|
|
112.
|
the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to
another
|
|
|
Choose the name of the type of wave described in the phrases
below. a. | transverse wave | b. | compressional wave | c. | electromagnetic
wave |
|
|
113.
|
can travel through matter or empty space.
|
|
114.
|
contains high points called crests
|
|
115.
|
contains rarefactions in the wave
|
|
116.
|
contains electric and magnetic parts
|
|
117.
|
detected by the ear
|
|
118.
|
detected by teh eye
|
Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
119.
|
Two km south is a measure of ____.
a. | distance | c. | velocity | b. | displacement | d. | acceleration |
|
|
120.
|
A 10-kg object has a momentum of 50 kg m/s. Its velocity is ____.
a. | 10 m/s | c. | 5 m/s | b. | 5 m/s2 | d. | 500 m/s |
|
|
121.
|
An object’s inertia depends on its ____.
a. | mass | c. | momentum | b. | weight | d. | gravity |
|
|
122.
|
Momentum depends on ____ and ____.
a. | mass, weight | c. | velocity, weight | b. | weight, inertia | d. | mass, velocity |
|
|
123.
|
The hands of a clock ____.
a. | have a constant velocity | c. | constantly change
speed | b. | have no momentum | d. | are accelerating |
|
|
124.
|
A(n) ____ is a push or a pull.
a. | newton | c. | force | b. | acceleration | d. | momentum |
|
|
125.
|
A ____ force is the total force felt by an object.
a. | sum | c. | strong | b. | net | d. | balanced |
|
|
126.
|
In order to be ____ forces, their effects must cancel each other out and not
cause a change in an object’s motion.
a. | balanced | c. | weak | b. | strong | d. | normal |
|
|
127.
|
If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, the net force is NOT
____.
a. | normal | c. | weak | b. | strong | d. | zero |
|
|
128.
|
Newton’s first law of motion states that an object at rest or moving at a
constant speed in a(n) ____ will continue to do so until a net force acts on it.
a. | elliptical orbit | c. | state of acceleration | b. | straight
line | d. | curved
path |
|
|
129.
|
____ is the rubbing force that acts against motion between two touching
surfaces.
a. | Acceleration | c. | Momentum | b. | Normal force | d. | Friction |
|
|
130.
|
____ enables you to ride a bike without skidding and falling.
a. | Static friction | c. | Rolling friction | b. | Sliding friction | d. | Gravity |
|
|
131.
|
Applying the brakes uses ____ to slow a vehicle down.
a. | static friction | c. | rolling friction | b. | sliding friction | d. | gravity |
|
|
132.
|
In order to know how a force will affect an object, you must know the
____.
a. | normalcy | c. | direction | b. | weight | d. | gravity |
|
|
133.
|
Newton’s second law says that an object acted upon by a net force will
accelerate in the direction of the force according to the equation ____.
a. | Ft = mv2 – mv1 | c. | m1v1 =
m2v2 | b. | a = | d. | v =
at |
|
|
134.
|
When you walk across a bridge, the ____ force of the bridge keeps it from
breaking.
a. | gravitational | c. | strong | b. | normal | d. | weak |
|
|
135.
|
The speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the force
of air resistance is called ____.
a. | acceleration | c. | terminal velocity | b. | balanced velocity | d. | free fall |
|
|
136.
|
Newton’s third law can be stated as “For every action, there is a(n)
____ reaction.”
a. | equal but opposite | c. | stronger and opposite | b. | equal and
identical | d. | weaker and
opposite |
|
|
137.
|
You hit a wall with a stick. The equal but opposite reaction is ____.
a. | the wall pushes against you | c. | you push against the
stick | b. | the stick pushes against you | d. | the wall pushes against the
stick |
|
|
138.
|
The time for an action-reaction situation is ____.
a. | instantaneous | c. | no more than 1 second | b. | at least 5
seconds | d. | no more than 5
seconds |
|
|
139.
|
While static friction keeps an object at rest, ____ friction slows down an
object that slides.
a. | rolling | c. | static | b. | sliding | d. | none of these |
|
|
140.
|
The force of ____ exists between any two objects that have mass.
a. | gravity | c. | weight | b. | acceleration | d. | free fall |
|
|
141.
|
The gravitational force of any object near Earth’s surface is ____.
a. | unknown | c. | Newton’s first law | b. | friction | d. | 9.8m/s2 |
|
|
142.
|
If a net force acts at an angle to the direction an object is moving, the object
will follow a(n) ____ path.
a. | straight | c. | unknown | b. | curved | d. | straight
downward |
|
|
143.
|
An object is moving due east. You push the object. Work is being done at all
times when you push ____.
a. | due west | c. | straight down | b. | due east | d. | at a 45°
angle |
|
|
144.
|
A ____ is an example of a compound machine.
a. | lawnmower | c. | baseball bat | b. | shovel | d. | wheel and axle |
|
|
145.
|
The mechanical advantage tells you the number of times a machine increases the
____.
a. | net force | c. | output force | b. | stable force | d. | input force |
|
|
146.
|
Work is equal to force times ____.
a. | power | c. | joules | b. | distance | d. | energy |
|
|
147.
|
Power is measured in J per ____.
a. | watt | c. | minute | b. | hour | d. | second |
|
|
148.
|
In order for work to be done, an object must ____.
a. | have mass | c. | have muscles | b. | move in the direction of the
force | d. | move at a right angle
to the force |
|
|
149.
|
Machines let you use less force over a greater ____.
a. | distance | c. | weight | b. | mass | d. | exertion |
|
|
150.
|
NO work is being done when you ____ a ball.
a. | hit | c. | carry | b. | catch | d. | drop |
|
|
151.
|
When the Egyptians built the pyramids, they used the idea that a large force
over a short distance can be accomplished by the same work as a small force over a ____
distance.
a. | changing | c. | shorter | b. | minimum | d. | long |
|
|
152.
|
____ describes the rate at which work is being done.
a. | Joules | c. | Effort force | b. | Power | d. | Efficiency |
|
|
153.
|
A ____ is NOT a simple machine.
a. | wrench | c. | tooth | b. | shovel | d. | teeter-totter |
|
|
154.
|
The pivot point of a lever is called a ____.
a. | wedge | c. | fulcrum | b. | screw | d. | wheel and axle |
|
|
155.
|
Power is expressed in units of ____.
a. | light | c. | joules | b. | watts | d. | surges |
|
|
156.
|
A(n) ____ is a moving inclined plane.
a. | teeter-totter | c. | elevator | b. | staircase | d. | wedge |
|
|
157.
|
Temperature is a measure of the ____ of atoms and molecules.
a. | heat | c. | potential energy | b. | average kinetic energy | d. | thermal energy |
|
|
158.
|
Thermometers work because liquids ____ when heated.
a. | expand | c. | shrink | b. | contract | d. | solidify |
|
|
159.
|
Heat is the ____.
a. | amount of thermal energy in an object | b. | difference between the kinetic and potential
energy | c. | energy of two objects | d. | thermal energy transferred between two
objects |
|
|
160.
|
A pot on a stove gets hot by means of ____.
a. | condensation | c. | radiation | b. | convection | d. | conduction |
|
|
161.
|
Water has a higher specific heat than clay. Water would ____ than clay.
a. | heat up faster | c. | heat more slowly | b. | cool down faster | d. | freeze more
rapidly |
|
|
162.
|
____ is an example of a good electrical insulator.
a. | Aluminum foil | c. | Copper | b. | Silver | d. | Rubber |
|
|
163.
|
If an object loses electrons, the object will have a ____ change.
a. | positive | c. | neutral | b. | static | d. | negative |
|
|
164.
|
A simple complete circuit must have wires connected to a ____.
a. | switch | b. | switch and a conductor | c. | source of
electrons | d. | source of electrons and a conductor |
|
|
165.
|
A battery produces current electricity from ____.
a. | mechanical energy | c. | chemical energy | b. | static electricity | d. | strong nuclear
force |
|
|
166.
|
When you walk across a carpeted floor and then touch a metal doorknob, the
“shock” you may feel occurs because of a(n) ____.
a. | static discharge | c. | static charge | b. | electric field | d. | chemical
reaction |
|
|
167.
|
A measure of the potential energy available in a complete circuit is
____.
a. | current | c. | resistance | b. | power | d. | voltage |
|
|
168.
|
Dry skin is a good ____.
a. | conductor | c. | source of negative charges | b. | insulator | d. | source of positive charges |
|
|
169.
|
The negative terminal of a battery has ____.
a. | a pileup of positive charges | b. | a positive charge | c. | a pileup of negative
charges | d. | no charge |
|
|
170.
|
To prevent overloading in a parallel circuit, you could install a(n)
____.
a. | power meter | c. | electric generator | b. | fuse | d. | ground |
|
|
171.
|
When you rub a balloon on your hair, ____ go from your hair to the
balloon.
a. | electrons | c. | atoms | b. | protons | d. | neutrons |
|
|
172.
|
The filament in a light bulb is often made from tungsten wire because tungsten
is a ____.
a. | good conductor and has a high resistance | b. | good conductor and
has a low resistance | c. | good insulator and has a high
resistance | d. | good insulator and has a low resistance |
|
|
173.
|
In a battery, electrons flow from ____.
a. | one positive terminal to the other positive terminal | b. | the positive
terminal to the negative terminal | c. | the negative terminal to the positive
terminal | d. | one negative terminal to the other negative terminal |
|
|
174.
|
A wire that is ____ would have the greatest electrical resistance.
a. | short and thick | c. | long and thick | b. | short and thin | d. | long and thin |
|
|
175.
|
According to Ohm’s law, ____.
a. | current = voltage ´ resistance | c. | voltage = current
´ resistance | b. | power = current ´ voltage | d. | resistance = current ´
power |
|
|
176.
|
Two identical balloons are both rubbed with wool. If the balloons are brought
near each other, they will ____.
a. | attract each other | c. | have no effect on each other | b. | repel each
other | d. | ground each
other |
|
|
177.
|
When you use an electric appliance, the amount of electric energy used depends
____.
a. | only on the appliance’s power | b. | only on how long it is used | c. | on both the
appliance’s power and how long it is used | d. | on the appliance’s power but not how long
it is used |
|
|
178.
|
A series circuit is a circuit with ____ path(s) for the electric current to
follow.
a. | no | c. | more than one | b. | one | d. | infinite |
|
|
179.
|
Waves that can travel only through matter are known as ____ waves.
a. | energy | c. | electromagnetic | b. | mechanical | d. | light |
|
|
180.
|
____ is measured in meters.
a. | Frequency | c. | Wavelength | b. | Wave speed | d. | Intensity |
|
|
181.
|
Frequency is measured in units called ____.
a. | decibels | c. | hertz | b. | lambda | d. | wavelength |
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182.
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Night vision goggles use ____ waves to locate people in the dark.
a. | infrared | c. | radio | b. | ultraviolet | d. | gamma |
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183.
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The wavelength of a ____ wave is the distance between two adjacent crests or
adjacent troughs.
a. | rolling | c. | transverse | b. | compressional | d. | seismic |
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184.
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To find the frequency of a compressional wave, you would count the number of
____ that pass by a point each second.
a. | crests | c. | diffractions | b. | refractions | d. | rarefactions |
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True/False Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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185.
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A broom is an example of a wedge.
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186.
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Power and work are interchangeable terms.
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187.
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If you use a ramp that is 6 m long to move an object upward 1 m, then the
mechanical advantage of the ramp is 6.
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188.
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You are doing NO work when you hold your 23-kg dog in your arms.
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189.
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You do 1 J of work if you use a force of 1 N for a distance of 1 m.
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